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List of Houston Astros no-hitters
The Houston Astros (formerly known as the ''Houston Colt .45s'' from 1962–64) are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Houston, Texas. Formed in 1962, they play in the American League West division (formerly in the National League Central division until 2012). Pitchers for the Astros have thrown 11 no-hitters in franchise history. A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only "when a pitcher (or pitchers) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings". No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form. A no-hitter is rare enough that only one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat. No perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been thrown in Astros history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Houston Astros )〕 As defined by Major League Baseball, "in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game."〔
Don Nottebart threw the first no-hitter in Astros history on May 17, 1963; the most recent no-hitter was thrown by Mike Fiers on August 21, 2015.〔 No left-handed starting pitchers have thrown no-hitters in franchise history. The longest interval between no-hitters was between a combined no-hitter led by Roy Oswalt and that thrown by Fiers, encompassing 12 years, 2 months and 10 days from June 11, 2003 to August 21, 2015. Conversely, the shortest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Nottebart and Ken Johnson, encompassing 11 months and 6 days from May 17, 1963 to April 23, 1964.〔 They no-hit the Cincinnati Reds and the Los Angeles Dodgers the most, which occurred twice. There are three no-hitters in which the team allowed at least a run, thrown by Nottebart in 1963, Johnson in 1964 (which was a 9-inning home loss), and Kile in 1993. The most baserunners allowed in a no-hitter was by Wilson (in 1969), who allowed eight. Nine no-hitters were thrown at home, and two were thrown on the road. They threw two in April, two in May, two in June, one in July, one in August, and three in September. Of the 11 no-hitters, two have been won by a score of 2–0, and two others by the score of 6–0, more common than any other result. The largest margin of victory in a no-hitter was an 8–0 combined effort led by Oswalt in 2003. The smallest margin of victory was 2–0 wins by Wilson in 1967 and Mike Scott in 1993.
The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter. The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision "which involves judgment, such as, but not limited to, whether a batted ball is fair or foul, whether a pitch is a strike or a ball, or whether a runner is safe or out… (umpire's judgment on such matters ) is final." Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone, which "is defined as that area over homeplate ''(sic)'' the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants, and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap."〔 These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter. A different umpire presided over each of the franchise's eleven no-hitters.
The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter. The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game. Seven different managers have involved in the franchise's eleven no-hitters.
==List of no-hitters in Astros history==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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